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The s ubject o f Da nièle Huille t and Jean -Marie Straub’ s Der Tod des Empedokles (The D eath of Emp edocles, 1987) is th e Gr eek pre-Socratic philosopher Empedocles (c. 490 BC – 430 BC) , who lived in the Greek colony of Agrigentum in Si cily. His theories are mentioned in several o f Plato’s dialogues. He mai ntained that all matter is m ade up of fo ur irreducib le elements: water, ea rth, ai r and fire. A mystic and a poet, he is considered to be the founde r of classical rhetoric. He is also thought to be the last Greek philoso pher to write in verse; two fragme nts of his works sur vive: Katharm oi (Purifications) and Peri Phuse ôs (On Nature). An advocate of democracy, he came into conflict with his fellow citizens o f Agrige ntum and, as result, was banished with his young disciple, Pausanius . When he w as asked to retu rn, he preferred to commit suicide by th rowing h imself into the a ctive volcano at Mou nt Aetna. The German wri ter Frie drich H ölderlin wrote two versions of Der Tod des Empedok les in 1798 and 1800, and a final third version in 1820, all three u ltimate ly unfinished. They wer e conceived as five-act tragedies and all th ree differ in plot. Ac cording to Michael Ha mburger, Hölderli n’s English-langua ge translator, the m ain reas on w hy Hölderlin finished no version of the play must be that he rem ained t oo closely identified with Empedocles, at the very per iod in his life when his own view of the p oet as phi losopher, prophet and priest – and as trag ic hero – was subject to perpetua l cris is and re-examination . Huillet-St raub’s T he D eath of Empedocles is based on Hölderlin’s first version (the longes t of the three), wh ereas Black Sin is based on the third versio n. 想到那个神出鬼没的东西,印颜的心又 剧烈跳动起 来,“本来,昌长老感觉能 按住那条大 尾巴,可是,不知怎的,它突然又厉害起来,然后 ,那小冥兽,好像鬼魅一般,借着地利,连着抹 了西才他们的脖子,昌长老没办法,才完全放开了
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